The BNS introduces nearly 20 new offences, such as mob lynching, cyberstalking, acid attacks, and fraud under false promises of marriage, while abolishing sedition and replacing it with “treason.” Sentencing has become stricter, with increased fines, minimum punishments, and even community service for select offences. The BNSS emphasizes procedural efficiency through mandated timelines, e-FIRs, Zero FIRs, e-summons, videography of crime scenes, and enhanced safeguards for arrestees. The BSA modernizes evidentiary rules by formally recognizing electronic records emails, logs, social media, and digital signatures as admissible evidence.